Status of income distribution, trends and Reform

 Status of income distribution, trends and Reform
Time: September 7, 2009
Location: China Pudong Cadre College
am very pleased to have the opportunity to share the problem of income distribution in China. I want to talk about six aspects. First, the international perspective on income distribution; Second, China's reform and income distribution during the impact of changes in trends and factors; third is hidden on our income and actual income gap; fourth is hidden from where the income gap; Fifth, the threat of future development of the imbalance in income distribution; Sixth, reform the management system, to correct imbalance in income distribution.
First, income distribution, international perspective
(a) the theory of income distribution, income distribution problems and we
now facing the problem of insufficient domestic effective demand is closely related. China is faced with insufficient effective demand, direct impact factors of the international financial crisis. shrinking the world market, China's exports fell sharply, resulting in a serious decline in production of the export sector and some business failures . But the more fundamental reason is domestic demand, economic growth, excessive dependence on external demand. a long time, lack of effective demand in China has been a problem, from the international experience, it always and income distribution together. Now I want to mention three.
first is Marx. Marx's down, income polarization, leading to absolute impoverishment of workers and the public lack of consumer demand. It is because of lack of mass consumption, making the rapid expansion of production capacity after the goods sold, excess capacity. This is the result of a cyclical crisis of capitalism underlying causes. was the era in which Marx or the early stages of capitalist development, lack of demand from the allocation of capitalist society brings, so Marx believed that capitalism can not solve it is a fundamental contradiction. In Marx's view only through public ownership, changing the capitalist system, community together and shared the fruits of production, to be able to do to resolve this conflict.
but in the 20th century, a series of changes in this problem. So that is second to Cairns. 30 years from 1929 to the outbreak of the Great Depression, the United States, the British economist John Maynard Keynes in 1936 published the famous: that lack of demand, the demand for consumption and investment by the two major elements of an open economy, plus net exports, are the three elements. No matter which of these three elements in a little, and no other elements to add , will result in inadequate aggregate demand. Keynes was mainly focused on the investment, he believes when a high savings, but the investment will result in less savings, lack of effective demand. Therefore, he proposed the government to take expansionary fiscal policy to increase government spending, but also to adopt expansionary monetary policy to stimulate investment, thus expanding aggregate demand.
Overall, since the Keynesian theory developed, Western countries in response to the economic crisis should be said that with a fairly effective means is through expansionary policies, can substantially reduce the impact of the economic crisis and shorten the time of crisis, the relatively stable economic operation. Marx's early to judge that the lack of aggregate demand is a fundamental contradiction in the capitalist countries did not method to solve. in fact, came out from the Keynesian policies, the problem can be resolved in a way. but there are still problems, that is, after years of practice, that Keynesianism is often effective in the short term, but the expansionary fiscal policy and monetary policy, long-term will lead to inflation, and the leading role on economic growth decreased; inflation and economic stagnation are often associated with the line, that is often said that the stagflation. that is, to solve the crisis in the short term, but long-term development is a problem. This is because income distribution more fundamental problem is not resolved.
third is Kuznets. the last century 50's, the U.S. economist, published a well-known Kuznets articles, specializing in income disparity. He studied the United States, Britain, Germany, found that the historical data from the perspective of these countries in the past 50 to 100 years, have experienced a first expansion and later income gap narrowing process. later Economists call this discovery Kuznets inverted U-curve, that is, a certain stage in the development of rising income gap, and then go through a phase and gradually decreased.
many economists, including some domestic economy scientists of the Kuznets curve has a different interpretation, and some people say that because of the Kuznets curve, we do not need income gap too worried about the problem, because over a period of time after the income gap will automatically be reduced. But in fact if we read the article Kuznets, you will understand he did not mean that the income gap will not automatically shrink. He believes that the convergence of the income gap is conditional, and highlighted a number of factors. First, labor force in the development of these countries have gone through the process of industrialization and urbanization, large labor force in this process from rural to urban, from agriculture to non-agricultural. So in the long run will reduce the urban-rural gap. Second, the pattern of population growth , in a certain period of high population growth, high mortality, but later turned to low population growth, low mortality, demographic changes have an impact on income distribution. Third, he emphasized the role of government policies, especially progressive income tax and estate tax, that these changes in income distribution in the gap and solve the problem of uneven distribution of income has an important role. Finally, he also stressed the democratic political system, because most of these countries have experienced early in the development of authoritarian and centralized system This was gradually turned into the present political system. Kuznets summarized this process as a democratic political reform process. He believes in a totalitarian system, the ruling could plunder of ordinary people, so the distribution of income will cause serious uneven, and through the reform of the political democratization, making all levels of society got involved in politics, monitoring the government's right to a certain extent, this improvement in income distribution.
(b) of the income distribution system of foreign practice < br> In the past so many years of development, income distribution in different countries have different practices, following a simple list of what I have. First, Europe and America. European countries in the development process, just talked about the early 19th century, Marx referred to the capital case doctrine, when both Europe and elsewhere, the income gap is very large. In the later course of development, especially of the 20th century, European countries and gradually establish a public welfare, social security and transfer payment system, through the These changes in the system, improve the income distribution, reducing the economic and social instability.
economies of these countries is still the market economy, but some aspects of the problem is not the market itself can be resolved, such as the income gap that problem. European countries through social security and public welfare system to change the income distribution structure. The U.S. also experienced a certain extent such a process. In the 30's during the Great Depression, Roosevelt took office, the implementation of the New Deal, including two content. First, the expansion of public spending, and Keynes's claim that exactly the same, that is, to invest in public through the Government's financial infrastructure, roads, bridges, etc., to deal with the crisis this way. So when the Great Depression Keynes's writings published in the New Deal affected to some extent. There was recorded to the United States to see that Keynes, Roosevelt, Roosevelt talked with him about some measures of public expenditure so the idea of Roosevelt's view of his attention. But also has an episode, Cairns left, Roosevelt speaks to others that this person is a bit pedantic. The second is to establish a system of social security and redistribution. In fact, Roosevelt was introduced from the policy, not limited to Keynesianism. because Keynesian say is the expansion of public expenditure, while Roosevelt was in addition to expanding public investment, the implementation of relatively easy monetary policy, there are other content, is to establish social security and improve income distribution. when the United States passed the Fair Labor Standards Act there are differences, though, when the 30s that the U.S. has basically established a social security and social welfare system, but later development, is still the greater emphasis on free market economy, not in favor of high social benefits. relative for the protection and welfare level of the United States and European countries is very low in comparison. Of course Europe is different, and different parties have different policies after taking office. But in general, European countries, social security and welfare extent than the United States. and how the two modes takes better, in fact, there has been controversy, some U.S. economists believe that welfare is too high, there is no efficiency; and some European economists believe that the gap will ignore the social distribution lead to social instability, disharmony. that the two statements are clearly in a way makes sense, but what some of which should be more, it is difficult to conclude, may have to look at the future. because both the United States, nor European these countries still have strong vitality, they still are developing.
Over the years, the United States have developed relatively quickly, but in the world financial crisis, we look back, will get some experience learned. according to some economists explain the rapid development of the United States over the past entirely from the free market economy and free competition. why the United States can maintain rapid development in a long time? it though not as high as the European level to implement the social security and public welfare, but on the other needs to find a way to expand is to expand consumption through debt. United States does not change the income distribution, holding the poor or small, rich or take the more money it can borrow the poor, by credit card, housing loans to advance, the ordinary people in this way to stimulate consumption. to the crisis erupted last year when the total liabilities of the U.S. general population 14 trillion, equivalent to the U.S. one-year GDP, coupled with the federal government debt, state government debt, corporate debt and bank debt, a total of 50 trillion, equivalent to half of GDP, three times. by living beyond the means to expand the consumer, the United States to maintain a fairly long period of rapid development.
statement by George Soros, the United States that by blowing up a bubble of debt, in fact, 50 years from the last century began, and more bigger and bigger, until it was broken today. So the crisis, the United States is very naturally carried out a series of major adjustments, the public is ahead of the past consumption, and earned both a money and now want to savings, consumption declined. China's exports have been such a big blow, but also because the international market is shrinking, especially the Americans not to spend money. not only the United States, also contributed to the impact on the European countries, leading to a significant decline in Chinese exports.
Next, I simply talk about the Latin American model. Latin American countries are also more concerned about the type of people. economists have a the development of a series of very distinctive features: the first is the income gap is very large; the second is the relative stagnation of economic development, and often hyperinflation; third is social unrest, social instability, frequent changes in political power, social conflict frequently. from the historical development of Latin America point of view, there are many academics in this analysis, that they faced problems in the development of practical and relevant income gap is too large.
recent years Latin American countries have experienced an obvious rebound, that is, leftist government came to power, the implementation of the policy of narrowing the income gap, which is called populist policies, but also a degree of nationalization and so on. It is caused by the enormous income gap between the past a rebound. the public vote left-wing government's vote, because it can bring a relatively equitable income distribution. However, if the adjustment in this respect too, may be a problem. As we reform before the distribution is equal, the absolute rule of the state economy status, but inefficient, slow economic growth rate, a large waste of resources. If Latin American countries prior to such adjustment to China's reform is not a good thing. but overall, the policy is like a pendulum, when placed head to the right time, on the left put out; it will be overkill and will not stop in the middle, but will placed on the left, place the head may turn back, then to the right place. If a country's political system, economic system, about the total swing in the course of this , of course, will affect its continued development. Therefore, both the protection of society to find a fair and appropriate system of protection of market efficiency, it is very important.
in Latin American countries, the last right-wing government in general and the United States have maintained good relations, they also acknowledged the ideological consensus in Washington. But in this and a lot of specific issues, in other words, although they admit the free market economy, but in fact in Latin America, relatively high levels of economic monopoly, competition inadequate. In some cases, in some industry sectors, the policy of laissez-faire and unrestricted private ownership, will gradually lead to natural monopolies. while in other cases, economic strength and power combine to enhance the degree of monopoly . In my opinion, this is actually caused the income distribution gap is too big a reason.
Reforms in Eastern Europe the Soviet Union. Yeltsin shock therapy introduced at the time, the privatization of all state assets, the price is open overnight, State plans to cancel the night, the implementation of a completely free market economy. This reform resulted in a significant decline in ten years the Russian economy, GDP has dropped by nearly half, in addition to economic decline, there is an important issue, that is, within a short time resulting in an extremely unequal distribution of property. For example, in the oil industry, the original state-owned enterprises, but also the former Soviet Union's most profitable enterprises, the privatization of a night, the form is to sell, in fact, sent. Who and the government, and the people in power relationship, one might get the oil companies.
did reform the former Soviet Union, an American economist named consultant Jeffrey. Sachs, he was the leading advocate of Russia's shock therapy, and afterwards he spoke in the Russian experience, said that corruption in Russia is unprecedented anywhere in the world countries are not so serious, how many billion worth of oil a relaxed manner by a man who took to become a private company. It all depends on you and how the relationship between those in power. Next the formation of a small group of super oil oligarchs, the original state monopoly into a private oil company oligopoly. under the conditions prevailing in Russia, the economy in decline, a large number of unemployed workers, the public living large rate of decline, but few riches in the shock therapy reforms, resulting in Russia was a high degree of inequality of income distribution. This is why Putin came to power after the efforts to change a problem, he came back and took some re-nationalization of oil companies, Some of the oil oligarchs were sent to prison for tax evasion charges, he tried to correct the period of shock therapy to bring some of the adverse consequences.
(c) of the country's Gini coefficient
Now I will talk about the Gini coefficient. It is the economics Measurement of income distribution gap in a key indicator of value from 0 to 1,0 that absolute equality of income distribution, that all people are exactly the same income; 1 is definitely not average, that is all the income or assets are concentrated into the hands of a man, except he has no income other than people. These are two extreme cases, only a theoretical assumption. virtually all countries of the Gini coefficient of distribution between 0 and 1. is generally believed that the income distribution of 0.4 is the warning line, 0.2,0.3 is relatively equitable income, more than 0.4 on the need to guard against, that income distribution gap has been large. In this case, may lead to social instability and other issues.
view from the developed countries , only the United States in the past 50 years, in 2000, up from 0.36 to 0.4 or more. All other countries are below 0.4, the United Kingdom, Germany, France, the Western European countries are about 0.3. in which a large income gap between the French original, 0.49 , is now down to 0.32. Nordic countries this feature more obvious, Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Finland the income gap in the last century 50's are above 0.4, Norway also went to 0.55, after 50 years of change has fallen to about 0.25. < br> In all the developed countries, the Nordic countries is the smallest income disparities, income distribution is relatively fair. Of course, some people say that efficiency is relatively low, but there are a significant feature that the public do not have to worry about how to do tomorrow, unemployment, old how to do, how to do sick, you all have a very peaceful state of mind, and not the poor of this society, so the relatively harmonious society, to ensure stability. When a society is unstable, the economy and then an efficient, long-term development, the loss is large. I think we must look at the direct economic efficiency, it also depends on long-term effectiveness, including factors such as social stability and harmony. In recent years, has repeatedly stressed the central building of a harmonious society, I think this is the right time.
Then simply look at the East Asian countries and regions, changes in the Gini coefficient in Japan, Korea, Singapore, China, and China Taiwan these areas, the largest income gap in China, the Gini coefficient is 0.447, which is 2000 data, 2005 is 0.47, also rose. In addition, the relative gap between Singapore and a large number of Hong Kong, China, other countries and regions are about 0.3, the income gap is relatively small.
the former Soviet Union and East Ou Jini coefficient change is Russia and China in 2000 is comparable to 0.45, the Czech Republic, Poland, Bulgaria, the Eastern European countries are relatively low, around 0.3 or 0.3 below. although these countries experienced an economic transition, but there has been no dramatic income gap as Russia enlarged. Latin American countries are in the 50's, when 0.4 or 0.5, to become high in 2000, most of above 0.5, 0.6 is coming out of Brazil, Chile, Argentina, Venezuela is also about 0.5.
II During China's reform and changes in income distribution trends and factors influencing
(a) before and after reform, changes in the pattern of income distribution reform
pattern of income distribution before and after our important changes. the planned economy period, quite average income of urban residents, because time, we are in accordance with the provisions of the wage central to practice. there regional disparities, wage levels are still less developed areas may be higher because of regional subsidies. quite average income of urban residents, but only low level of income of rural residents and urban and rural areas and rural areas between the relatively large gap between individuals in urban and rural per capita income .1978, the city is 343 yuan, 133 yuan in rural areas only, a difference of 2.6 times. At that time 32% of the rural population is poor, and this is a very low poverty standard, according to 100 yuan per capita to count, the annual income of the rural population accounted for less than 100 1 / 3.
early stages of reform, due to the implementation of the rural household responsibility system and a series of reforms, rapidly rising rural incomes, particularly in the early '80s, urban-rural gap and the national income gap have tended to be reduced. While per capita income of the entire reform period of rapid growth, but 84 years after the income gap has continued to expand, to the early 90s, more than the warning level of 0.4 Gini coefficient . Gini coefficient from the change in situation, from 1978 to 1984, a decline phase, because the first reforms in rural areas, narrowing the gap between urban and rural areas. And since the mid-80s, is basically the stage of the increasing gap.
of income since the reform distribution of such factors could be summed up in three aspects. the most important factor is the urban-rural dual structure. This is the historical legacy of the old problems. China's urban and rural per capita income ratio is 2.6 times that of 1978, to 2008 is 3.3 times, indicating that urban-rural gap continues to expand, but there are signs of slowing last year or two.
The second factor is the imbalance in regional development, measured by per capita GDP, the highest Shanghai, Guizhou, the lowest difference of 14 in 1978 times, is still a difference of 8 times in 2008. from 14 times to 8 times can not explain the gap region, as it is based on Shanghai, for example, if the entire eastern coastal areas compared to central and western regions, but also do not see the regional gap significantly reduced the trend. In recent years, some provinces in central and western regions relatively fast development, economic growth is high. especially the financial crisis, the east by the relatively large, the Midwest was less affected. but there are problems, that is the central and western region's economic growth statistics may be relatively large number of water. So that tends to narrow the regional gap has been also worth exploring the idea.
third factor is the income gap between classes, sectors of the population between the income gap is widening. with The data of urban residents, according to 10% of the group, equally divided into 10 groups of urban households. According to statistics, the maximum and minimum set of a group, a difference of 6.2 times in 1995, 2007, a difference of 8.7 times, 8.7 times in fact, still seriously underestimated the actual difference even more. the highest and lowest per capita income in rural areas compared, 1995 was 9.5 times, 12.4 times in 2004. Overall, the income gap is widening, but the widening income gap in rural areas than in cities to ease some .
these factors, different income gap between classes has become the lead is now a major factor in the widening income gap or dominant factor. Although the urban-rural gap, regional disparity is not resolved, but the years of attention to vulnerable groups to implement developing the western region, Northeast China policy, the regional policy, rural policy in a way of reducing regional disparities and urban-rural gap helpful. is still rapidly expanding income gap between classes. The following specific about cause income widening gap between a few reasons.
(b) stages of development and structural transformation of the income distribution
stage of development we are now in the midst of rapid industrialization and urbanization process, while gone from planning system transition to a market system, which led to the widening gap of income distribution. the last century 50's, the U.S. economist, Lewis proposed model of urban-rural dual structure. He historical data with the United States found that when large numbers of workers from rural to city, from agriculture to non-agriculture, this process due to the sufficient supply of labor, that is an unlimited supply of labor, rising wages suppressed. was supposed to be economic growth, per capita income growth, but no corresponding increase in wages during that period, because the stream of The new labor to the cities continue to have jobs in the competition, inhibition of increased wages.
situation in China is actually very typical reflection of the Lewis model to describe the situation. 30 years of urban population rose from 170 million to 600 million people, and now there are 100 million 4 million migrant workers in cities and towns to work, every year millions of rural laborers to cities added to such a labor supply and demand conditions in the long suppression of the wage levels rise. but high growth economy , the main fruits of growth into the growth of non-labor income, wages grow more slowly. This leads to a widening income gap. As the impact of labor supply and demand. eastern coastal areas of these small rise in wages, especially unskilled labor. Last year, two years ago may once wages rose faster, but the financial crisis a result, wage growth has slowed down.
In addition, market-oriented reforms tend to improve the return on capital and human capital, but also widened income gap . the wages of almost all before the reform, the income level is very equal. After the reforms, the transition to distribution through the market, according to the contribution of distribution of production factors. As the supply of scarce human capital, high-quality personnel, management, engineering and technical personnel in return rising rapidly; ordinary workers without a corresponding substantial increase in wage levels, so the income gap widened. From the above factors, in the current stage of development, a certain degree of income disparity is inevitable, but also need to take measures to mitigate against the excessively wide gap.
(c) policy factors on income distribution
next question is the influence of income distribution policies. We can not simply be attributed to the widening income gap is now stage of development and market-oriented reforms, because the widening gap there is another factor. At the policy level, I think the reason is that there is a considerable degree of imbalance between the elements of configuration, the local government's goal is to GDP, is growing, is a big investment, governments at all levels too keen to encourage capital-intensive investment, providing incentives for large businesses; and relatively speaking, inadequate attention to the labor-intensive small enterprises. In the past there are a variety of preferential policies for small and medium enterprises, but implementation The results are not satisfactory, the policy finally gave many of those larger medium-sized enterprises, small businesses benefit from relatively small.
particular statistic is called level of government's vision (the size of the following is an enterprise with annual sales of 500 million or less). According to the 2004 Economic Census, if the industry with these small enterprises engaged in industry self-employed, their employment accounted for 71 industrial employment %. which only the scale of these small businesses and self-employed, accounted for 44% of industrial employment. service in the scale below the proportion of small businesses may be greater, but because of incomplete statistics, there is no specific figures. We can make a general judge the scale of these small businesses account for roughly half of China's non-agricultural employment.
actually depends largely on the employment of small businesses, micro businesses, because they are labor-intensive employment to absorb the most direct, the greatest impact. But the companies used to consider the Government's policy is not within the scope of, I think this is a very big problem. As we consider the employment policy, it is often ignored. because economists have been saying that the financing difficulties of small business loans no credit. The People's Bank had done a survey, said the basic situation of medium and small enterprises are good loans, small business loans is also good. But the People's Bank survey of small-scale enterprises are more, but may be larger scale that part.
how to shift the focus of the Government's concern to come in this direction, is a prominent problem. because of the development of small business employment, workers have a significant effect on the income of .90 years, China's economic growth employment elasticity fell from 0.4 to 0.1, meaning that the original 1 percentage point of economic growth, employment growth of 0.4 percentage points; is 1 percentage point of economic growth, employment growth of only 0.1 percentage points. There are supply-side factors, but policy factors impact is also very important. So from the above view, only the pursuit of economic growth on employment is not much help.
(d) the institutional factors that affect the distribution of income
Next, I turn to the institutional factors that impact on income distribution . the current system, there are many factors that led to the widening income gap, one factor is the redistribution, social security and public service system issues. In this one, first is the income redistribution system is not perfect. The first is personal income tax. my personal income tax is progressive, high income, the tax rate is also high. but actually in the collection process, the progressive tax rate becomes regressive. because the personal income tax wage workers can not run away, when the wages deducted from the payroll. But high-income not in class have a lot of control in the income tax system, this part can be tax evasion. so the more high-income residents of the lower effective tax rate, lower than in the low-income residents, which makes the original progressive income tax into a regressive tax.
followed by transfer payments, despite the efforts of increasing transfer payments, but the low efficiency of transfer payments. As an example, more than 400 poor counties in China, the central fiscal year spend a lot of money helping the poor, supporting their development. But Although the money assigned to the counties, ultimately, the hands of the poor not to fight a big question mark. I do some investigation of poor rural, often see the most luxurious buildings throughout the county government building, the most luxurious car Government cars. not far from the county have poor villages, rural poverty, the poverty situation of very poor villages, poverty abound. Central continued to spend money to solve poverty, but the money is not necessarily the poor who are beautiful flowers. < br> Once again, incomplete social security system covering the issue. Social Security is basically the last city urban workers and the urban formal workers. of non-regular employment and not post the workers, urban residents did not work basically no coverage. now covers efforts have been added large, including the rural areas have also established a Rural Minimum Living Standard and the br> Finally, public service is not in place, especially in health, education and low-rent housing, which provides services to low-income residents is far not in place. Some people say that low-income residents, health care, education, housing is three big mountains is the tax system. China's taxation system in the lack of a reasonable resource tax, monopoly profits tax adjustment. dividends of state-owned enterprises, land transfer these systems are also related to fiscal and taxation system. our resources where are the benefits? 140 dollars last year, oil a barrel of crude oil profits increased substantially, as corporate earnings. But excess profits of oil resources is actually produced, which companies should not be able to appropriation. business should be to get the operating profit, rather than resource gain . resource revenue should be included in the distribution system throughout the country, but China did not, the existing resource tax is a nominal tax. Shanxi coal bosses get the coal mining rights, to open a coal mine to riches, while coal mine accidents have occurred However, despite repeated prohibitions. no qualifications, no standards of security conditions continue to mining companies, are of interest for guidance. who gets resources, resources that is, who benefits, it also led to corruption. Government officials in the coal shares, to the unqualified coal mines to provide umbrella, these problems are quite serious. I think this is not simply a question of ownership, mainly resource tax issues and institutional problems. We must create a more robust tax system, the resource revenue into the state treasury, for the people, rather than attributed to a minority share of these resources, businesses and individuals.
monopoly situation is similar to the extraordinarily high profits of some companies, the key is that it is in a monopoly position. monopoly profits should not be owned by individual income, corporate income or minority, and there should be a regulatory tax on monopoly profits. state-owned enterprises are also participating more recently discussed the issue. state-owned enterprises are the state investment company, the state has the right to participate as a shareholder dividend. Since the reform of state-owned enterprises are no longer turned over to the state after-tax profit, after tax profit is their own, so also resulted in rising corporate savings, part of the state-owned enterprise profits accumulated in large numbers. delegating powers and benefits of reform is the beginning, but now state-owned enterprises need to establish a reasonable bonus system.
There is also the issue of land transfer system. Now some local governments in China has become a land finance, only the sale of land to the money, but by land sales to finance to maintain the operation, which is very unreasonable. land in the circulation generated in the process ...

Fu Hua, a reporter accused was charged with bribery case, defenders double appeal

 Yesterday (December 28), is a former financial journalist Fu Hua, the first case of alleged bribery in the last day of the appeal period. The Fu Hua was accused on Friday by Chaoyang District, Chaoyang District Detention Center Court to transmit the complaint, filed the case of an appeal, Fu Hua as the first instance I advocate, but also because of the court of first instance against the guilty verdict Fu Hua and Fu Hua consent agreement to counsel status, yesterday sent the petition to the court, file an appeal .
2009   12 17, Beijing Chaoyang District People's Court of Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office in the prosecution accepted the original Fu Hua, the first financial journalists charged with criminal bribery case in recent years (21 months), and finally to verdict: guilty of accepting bribes to Fu Hua sentenced him to three years imprisonment.
charged for bribery case Fu Hua, Fu Hua, the first instance as a defender, I was as guilty for their defense. As a trained legal education for many years in the university as a teacher for many years and practiced law for many years a lawyer, I strongly believe that the Fu Hua does not constitute bribery.
the reason why the Fu Hua appeal the case, I still appeal as counsel, because: Fu Hua appeal filed its own, as a non-legal person, does not necessarily comprehensive verdict found the error, while he as a lawyer, the error on the first trial was more clearly understood by appeal to the Court of First Instance pointed out the error-round decision to, help maintain the correct implementation of the law; the same time, lawyers defending the right advice is adopted, the defense is successful, have a relationship with the lawyer's interests; Also, according to the Law consequences are borne by the defendant, counsel would most likely choose things , Chaoyang District People's Court (2008) towards the punishment of criminal Chu Zi No. 1177 Hua Fu judgments listed in the defendant's first trial counsel. Phone:.
appellant at December 18, 2009 received, Chaoyang District People's Court (2008 ) towards the Criminal First Section 1177 of criminal judgments. as the Chaoyang District People's Court (2008) towards the punishment of criminal Chu Zi No. 1177 Hua Fu judgments listed in the defendant's counsel, the appellant refuses to accept because of Chaoyang District People's Court accused of taking bribes were made by Fu Hua guilty verdict, according to Fu Hua agreed to the consent of the defendant, an appeal is filed.
request for an appeal, quashing (2008) towards the punishment of criminal Chu Zi No. 1177, Judgement;
2, Fu Hua commuted the defendant not guilty.
grounds of appeal a first instance court found the defendant Fu Hua Li Shen received 3 million commission facts are unclear and insufficient evidence.
verdict in the Airport Group Vice President Zhang Guangtao (male, 46 years old, has been sentenced) and the Group President Zhang Jun Zhang Jun, a result of the work of disgruntled contradictions and, after Zhang Guangtao and when he was the contact the defendant, so defendant as a newspaper reporter in Changchun Longjia International Airport construction project to interview and negative reports, so as to achieve the departments concerned to investigate and deal with the purpose of Zhang. Since then, Zhang Guangtao ordered Li Shen (male, 38 years old , has been sentenced) to continue coverage regarding contact with the defendant, and was passed in June 2005 in Chaoyang District, Wang Jing Shen Li, a restaurant to give the accused the commission 30,000 yuan. accused together with a newspaper reporter leaves plus went on the construction of Changchun Longjia International Airport, interviewed and wrote a Financial Daily in its letter to prosecutors before the written materials, and its written statement submitted to the Court in person, are account: the defendant is in receipt of Zhangguang Tao Li Shen transmitted through the reflection of Longjiapu Airport (now known as Long Jia Airport) construction materials, quality and safety problems exist, and as topics to the newspaper report, newspaper coverage approved only after Wang Jing, Chaoyang District in Beijing, a restaurant approached the Li Shen. The applicant's contact with Lee, is to further understanding of the situation to determine the clues and interviewed interview. In this contact, Lee said the defendant to apply for the inconvenience reception Jilin interview them, forced upon the defendant 5,000 as the cost of the defendant to Changchun interview, the defendant is in decline, but the circumstances acceptable. The 5000 part of the accused has been used in Changchun interviews. defendant also submitted in the first instance court in a taxi in Changchun at the time and other expenses of the bills to prove that the money accepted by Li Shen part of the activities used in the interview, as the newspaper claims the standard is limited (the standard reimbursement of travel expenses at 30 yuan per day), so the defendant has not reimbursed in the unit during an interview with a taxi in Changchun, the full cost of such expenditures.
In addition to the 5,000 yuan, Fu Hua, the defendant also confessed, in the article published in the paper and online, the website for being deleted, Li Shen help do the work in order to re-enable the accused to the Internet, and gave the defendant 1 million. these 1 million the defendant is actually taking into account the need to find someone to help take only acceptable. but the defendants removed the article want to be able to re-site the Internet, to achieve the proper effect of public opinion.
material from the volumes of evidence Look for Lee to re-apply for help to enable the accused to the Internet by 1 million, the defendant is consistently recognized. this fact the prosecution not be prosecuted as a crime, but only charged the defendant of a tea house in Wangjing Li Shen problems receiving money, but money in the teahouse to accept the amount of Li Shen, the prosecution's indictment and the Court's judgments are recognized by 3 million, not the defendant in the first instance before the trial and their written statements written material to the prosecution, as well as their personal written statement submitted to the Court are in the account of the 5000.
the prosecution and the court of first instance, according to the prosecution of the defendant is found, according to Fu Hua Wang Jing tea shop in the acceptance of money by Li Shen Section 3 million of evidence, including the defendant's statements Fu Hua, Office of Yanbian International Travel Co., Ltd. Xiangyu audit reports, and so on. In fact, the evidence can not be proved definitively prove that the defendant in Wang Jing Fu Hua Li Shen teahouses received 3 million given commissions.
3 million for the commission to say, only defendant in custody in Jilin public security organs of the two later statements and so-called Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office mentioned in the statements made. but in the evidence provided by the Public Prosecution, the defendant was originally made in Jilin transcripts of the contents of the public security organs, and later wrote Procuratorate materials and statements in court were that the defendant did not The restaurant closed in Wangjing Li Shen 3 million. Jilin public security authorities June 16, 2007, two of the accused for questioning. The two interrogation, although police officers transcript remember a bit vague, but it is certain that the defendant Interrogation in the account twice in the teahouse Li Shen received the amount of money, not 3 million, but later in the first instance court with written statements and written materials and the prosecution of individuals before the court a written statement consistent explanation to 5,000 yuan.
the defendant had with June 16, 2007 the two transcripts to make a record of the appellant described the situation: the first interrogation record, the accused confessed that in addition received the Li Shen The two boxes of bear bile powder, the recorded in income as a defendant in the restaurant 15,000 yuan Li Shen. In this regard, the accused when the emphasis is 5,000 yuan, interrogators do not want to change over to the Li Shen defendant accepted the money, a total recorded as 25,000. The second interrogation record, the police officers accused in the restaurant or will receive 5,000 yuan, 15,000 yuan recorded as mm When Li Shen gave me fifteen thousand yuan, element of the transcripts, first in the June 26, 2007 to do the afternoon. In the transcript, the Jilin Province Public Security Department Organized Crime Investigation Team of police asked the defendant Fu Hua and then on account of the defendant The police force's record on the defendant, the police asked the defendant ;, no. I'm handling the public security organ of civilization is very grateful. out of jail from the hospital's medical records after the materials to prove that the ribs have been discounted. For Li Shen received 4 million (of which 3 million in revenue in the tea house) to say, the defendant said, when police officers told the defendant that He confessed with Li Shen and Zhang Guangtao not the same as saying they have say 4 million, has said that 8 million, and asked which of the accused identified, say honest, to give the defendant helpless, after the defendant had the transcripts of the Li Shen's view, in accordance with 1 million and gave the defendant.
defendant Fu Hua statement in the first instance court and the prosecution before the letter written materials, and their personal written statement to the court said, because police officers shall not imply its retracted, in order to no longer be frustrating, the defendant will be collected at the restaurant to say 3 million Li Shen has persevered. The case was transferred to the Beijing Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office, though back in Jilin Province Public Security Bureau in October 2007 made 25 to lift the bail on the defendant's decision, but only until January 2008 to lift the bail decision in writing to the defendant, the defendant has been thought that bail is still in the stage of Jilin Public Security organs, resulting in 2007 October 25, November 1, 5 November in Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office made three transcripts are afraid to overthrow the restaurant received a 3 million Li Shen false statements. Later, because prosecutors found hidden secrets, encourage the defendant seeking truth from facts, the defendant by re-consider formally written materials to the Procuratorate, truthful account of the restaurant collected in 5000 by Li Shen problem. Later when the court made a factual account.
Clearly, the defendant Li Shen accepted in the restaurant on the amount of money, of consistency: the public security organs in Jilin, June 26, July 10 made by the record of the account, and the case is transferred, Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office's Jilin announced the lifting of the bail conditions were not made under the same three notes say, is to receive 30,000 yuan of Li Shen; and Jilin, the defendant was caught the next day on June 16 by the contents of the two transcripts of Chaoyang District Prosecutor prosecution and trial stages of the review is basically the same argument is accepted only 5,000. so inconsistent testimony, the verdict but said, What is excluded under the teahouse to accept the defendant's confession 5,000 yuan Li Shen and confirm their acceptance of the authenticity of Li Shen 3 million of it?
for Public Security Department Organized Crime Investigation Team, police and civil aviation joint in the Public Security Bureau of Jilin Airport April 9, 2007, June 22, October 30 Application for examination of Lee's record, Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office also provided to the Prosecutor Detention Center in Changchun City, the second examination of the record made by Li Shen. this several transcripts, apply to the defendant on the Fu Hua Li get 4 million (the restaurant to 3 million) of the content only in June 22, 2007 , Oct. 30 transcripts, while Li Shen in December 2006 was detained in January 2007 was arrested, the public security organs before they are made in the April 9 were not mentioned in the transcript sent to the defendant money, how in the June 22 began to explain to the defendant to send 40,000 yuan money? done many times before their record, and its content is it? its June 22, 10 30 May explain under what circumstances is it formed? its about 4 million to the defendant (in the restaurant to the 3 million) of the account of how what people believe to be true? The prosecution accepted, Chaoyang District, Jilin Province Public Security Bureau transferred After the case to the detention center on the Li Changchun, asked the trial transcript, Li Shen has been in the custody of Jilin and the public security organs have the same matter as the Jilin public security officers have the case record, the prosecutor is clearly impossible for Beijing's inconsistent with the previous confession, which prosecutors made their record in Beijing authenticity of the content, is also in doubt.
public prosecution also provides CPA general manager of the Yanbian Shen Li Xiangyu International Travel LLC audit reports, identified by Li Shen 4 million of its use given the defendant's meals, fare and other instruments used to offset the reimbursement in the company. so that the defendant received the money by Li Shen is absurd: If the application for reimbursement Lee meals, fares and other bills reflect the movement of the money is given to the defendant Fu Hua, then the money really come from? it used to be reimbursed for meals, fares and other bills reflect the spending, but also with what used to compensate the reimbursement it?
public prosecutor will Zhangguang Tao's confession as never admitted to Li Shen Fu Hua give money over to the defendant.
public prosecution also provided the relevant court in Jilin Province has been sentenced to Zhangguang Tao and Li Shen's guilty verdict, to prove that the defendant accepted the Li Shen Fu Hua directed by Zhang Guangtao 4 million bribe given. But the appellant noted that the guilty verdict in Li Shen, bribery does not exist; in Zhang Guangtao case ruling, denied the instigation of Li Shen Zhang Guangtao Fu Hua give money to the defendant problems in its public security organs and the prosecution's multiple transcripts, also denied ever ordered Li Shen Fu Hua give money to the defendant, just listen to the Fu Hua Li Shen Yue five or six million, listen to police handling the case, said Lee Application to the Fu Hua 4 million. Zhangguang Tao Shen Li Fu Hua has given how much money the defendant did not know, nor a penny is Zhang Guangtao out. If you do send to the defendant the money Fu Hua, Li Shen is clearly given a free hand to send to the defendant. However, the crime of offering bribes Court has sentenced the Zhangguang Tao, which is obviously wrong. The judgments can not prove that the two Li Shen Zhang Guangtao instructed to give the defendant money problems.
In summary, the Public Prosecution charged the accused to accept Li Shen Fu Hua Zhang Guangtao ordered according to a restaurant in Beijing Wang Jing Fu Hua 3 million to give the defendant the facts, the evidence is clearly insufficient. in the end Li Shen, a tea house to the defendant Wangjing 30000 yuan, or 5,000 yuan, the fact is unclear. the first instance court found the defendant in the restaurant Li Shen 3 million in revenue, not beyond a reasonable doubt.
Second, the first-instance court found that because of Jilin Civil Aviation Vice President and President Zhang Jun Zhang Guangtao there contradictions, disgruntled, and to contact the defendant, so defendant Longjiapu airport construction project to interview and negative reports, so as to achieve the departments concerned to investigate and deal with the purpose of Zhang Jun and Li Shen to the defendant through the commission, the lack of evidence support.
fact, including Zhang Guangtao Jilin civil aviation, including those who already understand the situation reflected in Jilin in the construction of civil airport Longjiapu question has not been caused by relevant departments. Longjiapu airport construction projects the problem does not mean that Zhang's problem, if Longjiapu airport construction project will lead Zhang problems being investigated, and that speaks for itself Zhang a problem, should be investigated, and not because Zhangguang Tao and Zhang Jun of the contradictions and Zhang Guangtao of Zhang's can only speculate, but can not really understand. public prosecutor provided the officer's Moreover, even if Zhang Guangtao is in contradiction with Zhang Jun, and Zhang disgruntled, if the airport construction projects are indeed a problem, the problem is indeed related with the Zhang Jun, the to the media investigation of the problem so that the departments concerned Zhang, is also their legal rights . Zhangguang Tao to the defendant on the court of first instance Baoliao identification purposes, to prove that the defendant reported that Zhang Guangtao rebellion of the problem of non-legitimacy, is completely unjustified.
volume in police officers from the Chaoyang District Prosecutor's Office and investigators on Zhang Guangtao transcripts made by the content of view, Zhang Guangtao been instructed not give money to the defendant Li Shen, Li Shen money to the defendant, nor is Zhang Guangtao provided. Thus, the Zhangguang Tao Li Shen to the defendant through the commission completely out of the question.
Zhang Guangtao is senior to the accused, the accused has been their great respect, the accused can not be Zhangguang Tao of the commission. If Zhangguang Tao Li Shen to the defendant through commissions, which will naturally be told the defendant. In fact, Zhang Guangtao in addition to Jilin Long Jiabao to the defendant rebellion reflects a problem the airport, and let Lee sent an application to the defendant outside the reporting materials, and the article is published in the entire interview process, the accused were not met with Zhang Guangtao. During Zhang Guangtao there is no mention of Lee's and the defendant apply to the commission to do.
In short, the first-instance court found the defendant Zhang Guangtao commissions given by Li Shen, the lack of evidence.
Third, the court of first instance the defendant acts characterization is wrong, sentenced the accused guilty of accepting bribes for error of law.
under the criminal law and criminal law the basic theory, taking bribes, is the national staff, the use of his office to ask for other people's property or illegally accepting other people's property and to benefit other people's behavior (Penal Code section 385).
the subject of this crime is the national staff, that is engaged in official state organs (ie, in the organization, supervision and management of public affairs) of the staff. This crime is an intentional crime, the perpetrator subjectively by using his position to facilitate the need to seek benefits for others in exchange for others to give their property intentionally, that is subjective is to engage in need to use his office to solicit or accept other people's property illegally, and to seek benefits for others, namely, the Zhang Guangtao only the authenticity of the problem and the corresponding issue is newsworthy, without the need to care about its purpose and motives, and that the defendant can not clearly understand the real purpose of Zhang Guangtao rebellion and motivation. In this case, the defendant transmitted by Li Shen Zhang Guangtao received reports of material, that the great news value, which leads to the important topics as the newspaper report; newspaper agreed to the decision coverage, and sent reporters at a press card, press card with no leaf plus the the defendant an interview on the topic itself means recognition of news value. defendant is coverage in the newspaper has decided to airport construction projects Longjiapu issues before the tea in the Wangjing contact with Li Shen, Li Shen property accepted . Although the defendant received the property of Li Shen, but did not ask the defendant had property in advance and did not require property express or implied, simply refuse to accept the property, but the case received. the defendant to report on the Long Jiabao topics of the airport, is entirely based on news value judgments and choices is to public opinion, public interest, and not for who to as Airport coverage, the newspaper is simply to complete the task of news gathering and reporting arrangements, the public opinion, with whom the same is not to (In fact, each tip lines to the news media who may have their own purpose and motivation), but the defendant newspaper to the newspaper report topics and issues decisions on topics of coverage, is considered the public interest but not for an individual interests. Therefore, the defendant's conduct does not meet the subjective element of the crime of bribery.
objectively, the defendant Longjiapu airport construction engineering reports, is completely true. Although the public prosecution Airport Construction Headquarters submitted proof of completion and acceptance of materials and materials to try to prove the defendant's inaccuracy, but the defendant reported earlier, the airport in the after completion and acceptance, final acceptance of the problem does not exist, does not mean that the defendant reported that the airport construction projects when there is no problem. The airport construction headquarters of the evidence, due to the airport headquarters reports about the object itself, the evidence of its authenticity and probative force are not credible. In fact, by the defendant who reported that the Airport problems caused relevant departments. In the later completion of acceptance, the report also referred to the defendant's report reflected the reports confirmed the authenticity of the defendant. If not the defendant's report, the construction unit for rectification and then the airport, the airport is very smooth through the completion and acceptance is difficult to say. Thus, while the defendant is indeed in sight of the tea collected 5,000 yuan Li Shen property, but the defendant's report on safeguarding the public interest objective, and not for personal gain, in fact, give the defendant property to the defendant, Li Shen and Zhang Guangtao not and can not tip lines of the reports of the defendant gets what benefits. Therefore, the defendant's conduct does not meet the objective element of bribery.
needs to be noted that in this case, the defendants did not meet the qualification of the crime of bribery.
from the criminal law on bribery provisions of the internal logic, the main body of the crime of bribery as a criminal act, need to be staff of state organs, that is engaged in official state organs, and the need for power. Power is relative or specific subject matter with the force, domination and decisions. That is, as the main crime of bribery need within their scope of responsibility or specific issues with relative force, domination and the ability of the decision.
In this case, the defendant employed as the First Financial Daily reporters, and First Financial Daily, the labor contract is signed. between the defendant and the newspaper is an employment relationship, the defendant need to complete a certain number of and quality of the dispatch task, the newspaper paid to obtain the appropriate mandate and remuneration of labor. In this labor relations, the First Financial Daily, what authority did not give the defendant, the defendant can not force anything, can not dictate what and decide what just use their collection of information and the ability to write articles, to complete the dispatch task. the defendant to the interview and the author of Changchun First Financial Daily is published by itself did not even press cards. Changchun interview and write it to the article, the use of the full collection of information is their own personal ability and writing ability, not the media or the powers of an organization. As a reporter, the accused is charged with specific responsibilities unlike national staff, as a statutory system of organization or a certain set responsibilities, and enjoy the power of the corresponding duties, the performance of the duties and exercise of the power have a specific legal or system requirements that do not follow the corresponding provisions of the law or the system does not conscientiously perform their duties, may constitute dereliction of duty or dereliction of duty, illegal or criminal acts. and press on any issue, reported or not reported belong to the scope of their freedom, there is no dereliction of duty, illegal or criminal problems. At the same time, the defendant conducted the interview as a journalist, reporting activities, the sense of not belonging to the Criminal Code No penalties sense Briber should should belong to moral, legal, should go to the law court of first instance the defendant as crimes subject areas will be entirely ethical issues be investigated as a crime is entirely wrong. verdict to the defendant in the report signed by a reported that right In fact, according to international human rights instruments, everyone has to seek, receive and impart information freely, interviews, press coverage is not the privilege. The first instance court found that public power, the performance associated with the terms of public affairs consistent with law, even clearly contrary to common sense! mm opinion is that public comments, the main body of public opinion is the people, public opinion is public scrutiny, not the news media monitoring, media monitoring in real terms is the public through the media, public opinion of speech in order to achieve , public opinion is a civil rights areas, and non-public power, much less national news media to give opinion to the whole society of the public authority. public power and public opinion is completely opposite!
actually submitted in the first instance the appellant the entry into force of a court case ruled that the book, Shanxi Luliang City Intermediate People's Court to democracy and rule of law are clearly identifiable as a newspaper reporter station of Guangdong (appointment) of the King Jianfeng Qualification. Jilin civil case launched by the results of public opinion against retaliation, the court of first instance the defendant's conviction on the same power to condone and encourage the public to retaliate against reporters.
critical reports accused Jilin Civil Aviation Airport Construction Longjiapu problems , and in this case, the Public Prosecution as evidence of many of the accused before the court Jilin Provincial Public Security Department investigators have been building the airport because Longjia Jilin Provincial Government of the awards received, Changchun City Procuratorate is Longjiapu airport to build flats, police in Jilin Civil Aviation under the Jilin directly to the Civil Aviation Authority. Public Security Bureau of Jilin Airport by the Civil Aviation launched a criminal prosecution against the defendant, the defendant is undoubtedly a kind of retaliation is illegal. Beijing Chaoyang District Prosecutor on the defendant's prosecution, it is the continuation of such unlawful acts.
From the case material in the volume of view, Li Shen June 22, 2007 only to the Jilin public security organs, The public security authorities of Jilin June 15 on suspicion of companies, business people accused of bribery on the implementation of the detention, Fu Hua, Fu Hua, the public security authorities detained the defendant, apparently there is no evidence that the property of their acceptance of Li Shen! Jilin Public Security organs Fu Hua's detention of the defendant, the defendant is clearly the need for revenge, the first arrest people and then engage in personnel in case of lack of jurisdiction, not by Beijing local public security organs, about the accused arrested from Beijing to Jilin regulation is entirely the defendant's retaliation. Jilin public security organs of the defendant's so-called jurisdiction to the so-called Beijing prosecutors Beijing public security authorities released on bail to return to the hospital after the examination by the results: the right ninth rib fractures; the right pectoral muscle and soft tissue contusion; lumbar contusion. This is enough to prove that the accused public security authorities in Jilin severely torture; defendant people in the restaurant on Lee received 3 million applications is subject to false statements made under torture in the case. the defendant's statements in the trial and wrote Procuratorate, the court also showed that the material, Jilin Zhang Jun, president of Civil Aviation After the defendant was released on bail, but also threats, intimidation of the accused, the accused came out so do not trouble; defendant also told the defendant newspaper service between the two units have reached an understanding that the defendant should not toss.
Court of First Instance disregarded the defendant because public opinion was against retaliation, the verdict the defendant guilty. This is actually a public authority to retaliate against the connivance and encouragement of public opinion.
In summary, the appellant that the defendant's conduct did not constitute the crime of bribery, requesting the court shall revoke the first instance, Chaoyang District People's Court ruling, commuted the defendant not guilty.
Sincerely
Beijing Second Intermediate People's Court
appellant: Beijing law firm asked the day The lawyer Zhou Ze 

Real undercurrent staged way behind the scenes view of the whole analysis of the fare increase

 March 26 evening, held in Shenzhen, China Volkswagen Tiguan listing conference. Tiguan priced out of the big screen moment, passers-by view reservation customers until then, way before that view of the exact prices and configurations. The scene of hundreds of journalists and dealer representatives, and nearly 50,000 prospective owners with the view of passers-through of this very uneasy moment. Tiguan, but the price was announced, I half-way in the browser view of the major automotive forums Forum found that almost Friends of almost all the forums in Shanghai Volkswagen denounce the fare increase pricing and dealer behavior. such a Some informed sources, that to some of Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan and strategies listed, then let the author analyzes in detail why the Tiguan would be subjected to what the masses know the truth br> The current Shanghai Volkswagen car sales are not many other good qualities, so the view on the way to Dafanshenzhang. Therefore, in view of the introduction of the beginning of the way, Shanghai Volkswagen, the market for pre-start warm-up. Tiguan can be described as the preliminary warm-up is a significant effect, since the Guangzhou Auto Show has been really all over the country are more pre-orders. In view of the price way before the release of 4S stores in Shanghai to have occurred 30 million consumers directly pay directly to the 4S shop show car drove off the situation. 4S is the pre-orders and all over the consumer can not wait to see Shanghai Volkswagen Tiguan good prospects, so the 4S shops around Shanghai Volkswagen and the Tiguan sales have raised expectations. avalanche of orders and ; of consumers to Shanghai Volkswagen in a lot of hard gas prices, and ultimately taken away, opening the strategy.

on pricing and increase pre-sale of the official view of the way in good condition, allowing the public in Shanghai naturally a little more pricing clout. These days, I come into contact with the sales manager 4S stores generally considered the official view of the current pricing way too high, if the drop from 10,000 to 20,000 is a more realistic price. If one says given the high price of the Shanghai public policy mistake, then there is now way fare concept to mention car is organized behavior.
listed in the view of passers-4S shop before the person in charge of the national conference, Shanghai Volkswagen lists the original car pricing standards, rationale and scope of dealers profits. hinted at the diffuse increase sales. (Shanghai Volkswagen did not dare openly proposed increase sales) because of the large number of orders, the fare increase is inevitable, 4S stores around the brunt. responsible for the people on the person in charge of the area gathered together 4S store will open a small, uniform price increases agreed upon, and the reasons for a unified fare increase. Meanwhile, the rate of increase of other provinces to adjust. such meeting, a city, and have the same province , there are large areas (such as South China, East China), which is why there will be acts of the national increase.
Tiguan released from price to just over 5 days now, but in the past 5 days , manufacturers, distributors, consumers are in the confrontation between these parties, which party would not hold the fall. because people resist the emotions soared, unsubscribe behavior do exist, but not in a hurry around the 4S shop, relative to demand, transit View seller's market now or in part. existing under the orders of wait and see who has retained more than 85%, indicating recognition of the Tiguan are numerous. The car is currently provided by the fare increase has occurred, this also shows that many are not short of money. For 4S shop for a fare increase sales is to sell a profit, pre-digested 4S shops can increase 2 to 3 years of the costs, if not increase, 4S is also money to be made.
Tiguan any fare increase Time off?
mentioned in this way fare concept car, the dealer said is caused by the production capacity. But I learned from within Shanghai Volkswagen, Shanghai Volkswagen According to the current capacity is, in fact, fully capable of After a short time to digest all the orders. So what Tiguan production capacity does not exist to say. the so-called psychological warfare is the consumer, you hate, no matter what, you BS-ing, I am in no hurry, you unsubscribe, I support, is expected to increase first of all, forget the high pricing of Shanghai Volkswagen had the core.
So Tiguan swept the country when it can increase the wind the past, in fact, consumers mainly to see if more people are willing to increase the past to slow, if you are not dead, etc., or rescind the fare increase, the factory will come out to clarify for the dealers said, after the fare increase is strictly prohibited. So yes the situation is not much noise, so the factory will definitely get the car after the first wave of fare increases will be sent out notice. and so increase after storm and began selling cheap, it will then lead to the culmination of a sale, but this time we will be the same as picking up a cheap shot to buy, no more demand for lower prices, so, for the Shanghai Volkswagen and all the dealers, so do not do something loss.
increase, hunger therapy automobile market in China, time-tested why? In fact, this and the current immaturity of China's consumers have a great relationship. now would be hard to form a unified coalition, is the so-called thunder little rain, while accused manufacturers and distributors do increase, while not hesitate to pay the so-called expedited fee, can not wait to mention cars. official practice this self-contradictory fare increase was a result of the pick up there This or order is really nervous, full of enthusiasm for those consumers who buy cars, no doubt pouring a pot of cold water. passers-by view of the current situation may be inevitable, but I hope not last long.

Old child can not be blind to coddle

 Not blindly spoiled Mother obedience. Last year the Spring Festival, his mother sent another chance eat a dessert, the once hooked, to this dim sum every day as a staple food. Xiaohuang Ming know the elderly can not be too much to eat sweets, but in order to discuss old favor, he Gesanchawu to buy. One day in August of this year, sudden onset of acute pancreatitis in the elderly, almost life-threatening. The doctor said, long-term excessive eating sweets is an important cause of pancreatitis induced by the elderly.
coincidence . Xiaogang's father Although more than 70 years of age, but particularly obsessed with playing mahjong, and sometimes even through the night to play with. Xiaogang think the elderly do not smoke, drink, play mahjong on this hobby to him by the it! Not long ago, Xiaogang father late at night playing mahjong, he suddenly fell on the table, never regained consciousness. Xiaogang blind spoiled his father finally tragedy.
psychologists believe that people post to the old age , as children often exhibit self-willed, eager favorite character, so there are to respect science, reasonable arrangements for the premise of life, must not be blind to coddle, otherwise, say that filial actually run away to

They talk about grace and Bugs

 And Bugs are talk about materials early in the morning was forced to look around you, how nice day like this, how enjoyable. whenever he woke up, read a book, take a look at reports, and finally sitting in front of the computer, care for your own blog, long time no write something Jing Xiaxin , and Friday and today to write about Bugs for discussion mm manner. This has to fight from that piece about hh
storm Friday morning, the old Bugs is to change the office hard at work, a little Bugs hurried in. yelling: : have upset the old Bugs, Bugs These bugs keep alive the old you, the moment can not be a pure heart, a little thing to kick into gear for fear of the world into chaos Cha. On Bugs are fighting, arguing the problem is not the first time friends , the children always point trivial thing to do slapstick big, old Bugs is not surprising, the child is the child, which fights the bitter end, the next moment and two brothers well, sisters okay. we have a kid and partners quarreled, and at the same table painting was beating, leaving upside down, the old Bugs do not like interference in their children's conflicts will resolve themselves.
into the classes to be the old Bugs, Bugs were all quietly seated, look at to war has subsided, to see the two parties to sit in that circle Zhaoyan watching old Bugs, waiting for pleasure. lost a few ball of paper behind a few pens, tables and chairs askew group 2, presumably this is the battlefield it. Deying children long hair scattered on the back of the head, it seems, however, and at the same table just big kids did a Hong Chen, tone, third tone ah. Old Bugs ask them to stand up and ask the reasons for fighting, Both accused the other does not, half the words choked with crying out loud, the old worm also do not understand is for losers, do not want to pursue the matter, children do sometimes difficult to explain.
old worms Bugs are insects often education: Bugs do not want old tune to a new topic to change it, we talk with Bugs It seems about the topic with them still difficult. Old Bugs Hung Chen first reprove the children: I despise the most. we boys want to be mm gentleman. ;. Bugs are carefully listened to you, because they do not understand, they wonder. Shajiao Ladies first gentleman is everything to attend a banquet for the President under the car open the door, and lifted its stop; the door opened the door for women when their own side sideways, followed by; help President off his coat, for their linked to the rack; took time out chair for the President; the President before the speech was very polite, weight not loud noise; never hesitate to pay for meals for the President; dining Ms. evacuation home; way pilfer a second can not hesitate to come forward with their own life to protect Ms hh wow ~ ~ ~ there such a thing! ; Hey to think of the old Bugs, become a their low-key, restrained, like the sea pearls, elegant and quiet in the soft light revealing. When told the old Bugs Bugs They have not heard such a ? is the hope that she can become a lady. Sha is l lady r? ladies soft-spoken, gentle, decent manners hh lady, so the little girl warned to clean their dress appropriately in the future, do not Cha whirring, with people arguing that a bitch fight, tigress. class Silly boy were laughing again, the old Bugs like to interview them tigress it? Bugs replied, laughing: speak first hand, sitting there sitting, standing there standing, failing to give way to tolerance.
on the Bugs are a little, back straight and the girls in class, and like a lady, and hey, the old worm in the heart coursing, gentlemanly education must start with children.

Iran close to signing former Portuguese coach admitted paying the level of reduced flow in Asia 2

 AP
be coming to an end the Iranian Football Federation Xuanshuai. On Monday, the former Portugal coach Queiroz arrived in Tehran, Iran Football Federation   negotiated. According to Queiroz himself said he is studying the last detail. Not surprisingly, then, Queiroz was formally signed on Wednesday, command fought the Persian army in 2014 Asian World Cup qualifiers.

Queiroz This time is a high-profile went to Tehran, he not only inspected the base of the Iranian Football Federation, but also base at a press meeting to the media revealed some details of the negotiations Now there are only some of the provisions need to look at, I am very interested in Iranian football, hoping the two sides can work together.

While Queiroz Iran Football Federation did not disclose the annual salary, but the outside world and the Iranian Football Federation disclosed Queiroz will sign a three-year work contract, salary up to 200 million, the economic situation for the Iranian Football Federation is a very poor astronomical, but fortunately this is not a direct pay by the Iranian Football Federation, but by the sponsors to help the Iranian football through.

the Iranian national team is currently being taken over by the national coach Mansulian. February 9, Iran and Russia will be a friendly match in Abu Dhabi. Queiroz also came to Abu Dhabi, will be the site to watch the game. It is worth mentioning that Iran's La Liga double star Nekounam and She Jiayi will not participate in this warm-up match.

Asian Cup defeat, the Iran national football generally disappointed, from the Iranian Football Federation to Iran under the national football media that the file has been reduced to second in Asia, with Japan and South Korea soccer gap is widening into the 2014 World Cup in Brazil will be insurmountable obstacles.

(Little Long)

Crazy Barcelona La Liga 18 teams swept a team of only escape from the foot of Barcelona

 YORK, Jan. 30 reported

a crisp 3-0! ! Barcelona completed Helai Marcus's revenge! Win in the game after the removal of Barcelona in the Primera Liga own the other 19 teams, the red and blue army has defeated 18 opponents, only the hands of Mallorca team to escape from Barcelona!

Primera Liga 21: Hekulaisi 0-3 Barcelona [Sports Photo Center]
Messi scored twice in 120 seconds total of 20 teams in La Liga, Barca in the league after 21 after have to have 18 teams into the fall by the wayside! Previously, Barcelona scored in 20 league games, 18 wins 1 loss 1 impressive record, Helai Marcus is the first of the season to defeat the team Barcelona to eat is the only league to do this performance team. But with a 3-0 victory, Helai title nemesis Marcus Barcelona has become history, Hercules became the first 18 this season, fell to the red and blue army at the foot of the Primera Liga team.

while Barcelona beat 17 other teams only took 19 games, exactly half the league schedule. The process to win even more perturbed. One with Real Madrid, Sevilla, Almeria, Spain, the Royal Society that five opponents in the game, Barca have scored 5 goals or more to the performance of victory!


Deportivo Barcelona and Malaga were also coming down by 4 goals! Racing Santander, Athletic Bilbao, Getafe, Villarreal, Osasuna were 3 goals scored by Barcelona, has won without firing a shot can be described as red and blue army! Racing is one of Barcelona has been completed the double play.

red and blue army in the league this season, fighting hard the game really be called only 3 games, respectively, in the face Atletico Madrid, Valencia and Levante. Barcelona are in the game to 2-1 victory over the final!

19 other teams in the league, the only one to escape from the hands of the team Barcelona Mallorca. Barcelona in the Nou Camp League Round 6 combat confrontation with opponents, but the two sides 1-1 to shake hands! This is also the league, the only one not lost to Barcelona in the team.

Barcelona and Mallorca this season, will contest the second round Feb. 28 to start. Guardiola's team in that game is expected to remove this last flag, beat 19 teams in order to achieve the feat!

(This article Source: NEW YORK Author: dawn)