The first chapter of the struggle against foreign aggression
Second, short answer
1, China's social crisis in the late feudal society, the performance of the late Qianlong
former also appeared the the rise and fall. There are five aspects of their performance, before the period is all three, such as, politically, to strengthen centralized, bureaucratic negligence, corruption, bureaucratic corruption integrity. Economically, land acquisition serious usurious rent increase, no land less and less farmers to increase, farmers living in poverty state. military, military decline, arms lax. Banners Army Green Standard Army was no fighting corruption. ideology and culture, with the taste of foreign domination of Manchu, Daxing literary inquisition, suppression of heresy, and immobility. External Relations on the implementation of a policy of seclusion, almost in a state of isolation.
Qing crisis is all the previous dynasties, as signs of regime change there, but history has not given China the opportunity to create another feudal dynasty. big world frame of reference has changed, the arrival of Western capitalism, will change the fate of China.
2, why the first Opium War in 1840 is the beginning of modern Chinese history
from 1840 to 1949, China has gradually formed and deepened evolved to do for the semi-feudal state.
first of the semi-colonial. This is from the perspective of political sovereignty. violations of sovereignty, territorial integrity had been damaged and no fact, became a country its name.
Secondly, of the semi-feudal. This is the deconstruction of the economic base and economic perspective. (1) feudal self-sufficient economy began to disintegrate, the commodity economy to a certain degree of development, the Chinese agricultural economy has become dependent on the world capitalist market a part of. (2) stimulation of capitalism in the West, China's urban and rural areas into the capitalist production relations and to be developed.
3, semi-feudal society is characterized by what?
(1) capital of the empire Marxist control the lifeline of China's economic and political decision and dominate China.
(2) China's feudal forces had colluded with the aggressors, one is the oppression of the Chinese people's social powers and the rule of basic pillars.
(3) Although the natural economy destroyed, but the landlord still land ownership.
(4) Although the production of capitalism in China and have some development, but still weak, did not become the main body of China's economy.
(5) China's political and economic development is highly imbalance, China's internal disunity. This struggle of imperialism and capital m and indirect control, and the local agricultural economy of China on the basis of local separatist, China is a vast and so on.
(6) of the Chinese people and people living in extreme political power impoverishment.
4, the characteristics of the Chinese national bourgeoisie
(1) divided into upper and lower middle class.
(2) two features and a double personality. On the one hand by the Emperor, sealing pressure, certain conditions can take part in anti-imperialist anti-sealing under the revolution, or remain neutral. On the other hand, due to weak, with the Emperor, letters are inextricably linked, the struggle against the lack of thoroughness.
(3) the national bourgeoisie can not lead in China democratic revolution to victory.
5, the formation and characteristics of the Chinese working class What?
sources characteristics: born in a foreign enterprise in China, the Chinese bourgeoisie than the older age and qualifications, social base and larger social forces.
the Chinese working class to its own characteristics: ① by the Emperor, letters, capital triple oppression, more revolutionary. ② despite fewer, but the relative concentration of (geographically concentrated in the coastal ports along the Yangtze River city mainly concentrated on the industry in the textile, mining, railways, shipping, etc.), easy to organize and form a revolutionary force; ③ mostly from bankrupt farmers, and farmers have natural links, easy to form worker-peasant alliance. Therefore, the Chinese working class and the most advanced , the most revolutionary and most powerful.
6, modern struggle against foreign aggression the Chinese people what is the cause repeated failures?
1840-1919 years of struggle against foreign aggression have failed because:
(1) the social system of corruption. This is the root cause. Qing Dynasty rule after entering the modern, social system unchanged and more corruption. even after collusion with the invaders, the majority of Chinese people as the main enemy. people patriotic officers and soldiers against aggression,UGG boots cheap, and therefore the resistance often leads to failure. (2) economic and technological backwardness of the Chinese people against aggression are an important reason for the failure. Western industrial revolution, rapid economic, technological and military equipment development, China's GDP is small, industrial technological backwardness will certainly vulnerable to attack. will inevitably affect the economic and technological backwardness of weaponry, military quality, comprehensive strength and so far inferior.
three essay questions
1, the establishment of the Western capitalist system and the colonial expansion China's threat
(1) the establishment of the capitalist system and the Industrial Revolution .1640 bourgeois revolution in Britain marked the world into the capitalist era. the United States and France have established the capitalist system. the capitalist system established after the industrial revolution. highly efficient production of large machines to replace the original workshop production of the low efficiency of the manual.
(2) expansion of capitalism and the inevitable contact. capitalist commodity production needs raw materials and product markets, capitalism system in place, the Western capitalist countries through colonialism, the military, political, economic and cultural invasion of their country into a way to put some part of the capitalist market. China has become the object of the fate of its expansion has been inevitable, war is inevitable. < br> 2, the two major conflicts in modern Chinese society and its relationship
comparing a pair of contradictions of feudal society, modern Chinese society added a pair. expressed as: the contradiction between imperialism and the Chinese nation, and the masses of feudalism contradiction. before a contradiction is the contradiction between the most important contradictions. the movement of the contradiction between the two throughout the semi-feudal society, determines the development and changes in Chinese society.
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